
The country that has learnt nothing from its history
It did not even take a hundred years for the far right to regain strength in Germany and for the…
IR simplified, applied, and explained
It did not even take a hundred years for the far right to regain strength in Germany and for the…
THE CLASSICAL VIEW OF GEOPOLITICS At the end of the Second World War, career diplomat George Kennan helped shape the…
At a time when political reflection is becoming empty, it is imperative to look beyond appearances and superficial rhetoric. Last…
In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. What many thought unlikely has happened and as is the case with many ongoing…
In 2005, Vladimir Putin, starting his second term as president of the still-young Russian Federation, declared that the collapse of…
FOTO: AFP/Getty Images As Colin Gray rightly points out, strategic history is dependent on the course of political history. In…
The first woman to become prime minister in Italy is right-wing. Silvio Berlusconi, former Italian Prime Minister and her ally…
After the recent coup attempt, the Lula government, elected to defend Brazilian democracy, prefers a cowardly silence. Today marks the…
The background to the conflict On February 24, 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine, but Russian threats to Ukrainian sovereignty date back…
Promulgated in August 1973, the Treaty between the Federative Republic of Brazil and the Republic of Paraguay created Itaipu as a binational entity. Since 1984, when it began operating, Itaipu has been producing clean, renewable energy (the largest generator of this type of energy in the world). Currently, Brazil and Paraguay are facing a stalemate over the scheduled renegotiating of the Itaipu Treaty.